Ten come to mind quickly, there are probably more...But I suppose if I listed more than ten, that would kind of defeat the point of the "Desert Island":

The Wrens: The Meadowlands
Modest Mouse: The Moon & Antarctica
Yo La Tengo: I Can Hear the Heart Beating as One
Talk Talk: Laughing Stock
The Avalanches: Since I Left You
The Flaming Lips: The Soft Bulletin
Four Tet: Rounds
The Beatles: Revolver
Miles Davis: Bitches Brew
Wilco: Yankee Hotel Foxtrot
Led Zeppelin: IV

1. sgt peppers-the beatles
2. velvet underground and nico-st
3. daydream nation-sonic youth
4. unknown pleasures-joy division
5. pet sounds-the beach boys
6. you forgot it in people-broken sovial scene
7. closer-joy division
8. low-david bowie
9. hissing fauna, are you the destroyer?-of montreal
10. whos next-the who

almost-london calling, marquee moon, ok computer, slanted and enchanted, clap your hands say yeah st/t.

no order...

Ani Difranco-Canon
Sleater-kinney-The Woods
Jimmy Eat World-Clarity
My Bloody Valentine-Loveless
Slowdive-Catch the breeze
The Cure-Disintegration
Tegan and Sara-So Jealous
Edie Carey-Call Me Home
Pink Floyd-Division Bell
Brand New-Deja Entendu

This is always fun:

Labor Days - Aesop Rock
Good News For People Who Love Bad News - Modest Mouse
Scary Monsters - David Bowie
Make Up The Breakdown - Hot Hot Heat
Lift Your Skinny Fists Like Antennas To Heaven - Godspeed You Black Emperor!
The College Dropout - Kanye West
Return To Cookie Mountain - TV On The Radio
Kid A - Radiohead
Alive 2007 - Daft Punk
Tenacious D - Tenacious D (For comic relief)

Joni Mitchell - The Hissing of Summer Lawns
The Beatles - Rubber Soul
The Beach Boys - Pet Sounds
This Heat - Deceit
Velvet Underground - Velvet Underground
The Talking Heads - More Songs About Buildings and Food
XTC - Sklarking
Guided By Voices - Bee Thousand
Pere Ubu - Modern Dance
Big Star - Third/Sister Lovers

If I was limited to 10, off the top of my head:

My Latest Novel, Wolves
Serge Gainsbourg, Histoire de Melody Nelson
Air, Moon Safari
Bonobo, Days to Come
Stereo MC's, Connected
DJ Escape, Party Time 2000
DJ Escape, Party Time 2001
DJ Escape, Party Time 2002
El Perro del Mar, El Perro del Mar
Fleetwood Mac, Rumours

Here's mine (be forewarned, they're pretty mainstream):

1. Dog Problems - The Format
2. Yankee Hotel Foxtrot - Wilco
3. Time on Earth - Crowded House
4. Dear Catastrophe Waitress - Belle and Sebastian
5. Heart - Stars
6. You Could Be - Torngat
7. White Album - The Beatles
8. Chicago II - Chicago
9. Stampede - The Doobie Brothers
10. News of the World - Queen

no order:

1.)Fiery Furnaces-Blueberry boat (never gets old)
2.)Beethoven's ninth symphony
3.)Dirty Projectors-the getty address
4.)Animal Collective-feels
5.)Danielson-Ships
6.)Roxy Music-s/t
7.)Eminem-Slim Shady LP (I know, but it I have listened to it since I was like 8, and it never gets old. His only good cd)
8.)The Microphones-mount eerie
9.)Why?-Elephant Eyelash
10.)Sunset rubdown-Random Spirit Lover

Neutral Milk Hotel - In The Aeroplane Over The Sea
Miles Davis - Kind of Blue
Radiohead - Kid A
Iggy & The Stooges - Raw Power
The Strokes - Is This It
Guided By Voices - Bee Thousand
Pixies - Surfer Rosa
Grandaddy - Under The Western Freeway
Belle & Sebastian - If You're Feeling Sinister
Led Zeppelin - Mothership (Anything that's got Dazed and Confused AND Since I've Been Loving You)
Broken Social Scene - You Forgot It In People

I was going to include Turn On The Bright Lights, Nevermind and Loveless, but deemed them too depressing for being on an isolated desert island.

1)Close to the Edge- Yes
2)Tago Mago- Can
3)Marquee Moon- Television
4)Pink Moon- Nick Drake
5)Astral Weeks- Van Morrison
6)Neu!- Neu!
7)Double Nickels on the Dime- Minutemen
8)The Velvet Underground and Nico
9)Brian Eno- Music for Airports
10)The Meters- The Meters

I only have faith in the first five, the second five periodically change.

Stupendous list p/p. Couldn't have done better myself.

In alphabetical order:

Bon Iver - For Emma, Forever Ago
The Hold Steady - Almost Killed Me
The Hold Steady - Separation Sunday
The Hold Steady - Boys And Girls In America
The Hold Steady - Stay Positive
The Beach Boys - Pet Sounds
Neutral Milk Hotel - In The Aeroplane Over The Sea
Sufjan Stevens - Illinois
Sunset Rubdown - Random Spirit Lover
Wilco - Yankee Hotel Foxtrot

And yes, I realize that this makes me a Hold Steady fanboy.